Portugal
From WikiMoreVMCSK
Contents |
BASIC FACTS
Portugal, officially called The Portuguese Republic.
The country is located in south-western Europe on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar).
Portugal is boarded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
Continental Portugal is split in two by its main river, the Tagus. The highest point of Portugal is Mount Pico (2 351 above the sea level).
The Azores and Madeira are located in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge; some of the islands had recent volcanic activity. Originally two islands, São Miguel Island were joined by a volcanic eruption in 1563.
The Portuguese coast is 1860 km long (943 km in continental Portugal, 667 km in the Azores and 250 km in Madeira and in the Savage Islands).
The capital city of República Portuguesa is Lisbon (population: 609 000).
Portugal is a member of the European Union and its official currency is the Euro (EUR).
The population of Portugal is 10 623 032.
COUNTRY PROFILE
ECONOMY
Portugal’s economy is based on industries such as textiles, clothing, and footwear. Major industries also include oil refineries, automotive, cement production, pulp and paper industry, and cork (of which Portugal is the world’s leading producer).
Export: Manufacturing accounts for 33% of exports. Portugal is the world’s fifth-largest producer of tungsten, and the world’s eighth-largest producer of wine (Port wine and Madeira wine are exported worldwide). Portugal has also a strong tradition in the fisheries sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita.
| The vineyards that produce Port wine - source |
Import: Generally Portugal is developed country and its exportation of products is greater than the import. That is why it was difficult to find some examples of import. The principal import for Portugal is mainly gas, petrol, transportation – vehicles and food. Most imports come from the European Union countries of Spain, Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.
Although unemployment is about 8% today, the number of unemployed people is increasing since 2000. As of May 2006, over 420,000 people were unemployed in Portugal.
The unemployment rate in the country was 7,7%. In 2007 the unemployment rate reached 8.4%, the highest unemployment rate in Portugal since 1987. The average European Union unemployment rate decreased to a record low of 7.3% in 2007.
On the other hand in the Portuguese sub-region of Vale do Ave, the unemployment rate has reached 15%, and in the Penísula de Setúbal sub-region 12.5%.
The average wage in Portugal is € 804.22 per month, and the minimum wage, which is regulated by law, is € 426 per month.
Portugal has the lowest per capita GDP in Western Europe and is among the lowest in the European Union. GDP per capita is 22,677 USD.
The governments are working to change Portugal’s economic development model from one based on public consumption and public investment to one focused on exports, private investment, and development of the high-tech sector.
The Global Competitiveness Report for 2005, published by the World Economic Forum, places Portugal on the 22nd position.
Research on standard of living ranks Portugal as the country with the 19th-best quality of life world-wide
HISTORY
The early history of Portugal, whose name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale, is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula.
A Celtic tribe, the Lusitanians, is believed to have been the first inhabitants of Portugal. The Romans conquered the region in about 140 B.C. Toward the end of the Roman Empire; the Visigoths had invaded the entire Iberian Peninsula.
Portugal won its independence from Moorish Spain in 1143. King John I (1385–1433) unified his country at the expense of the Castilians and the Moors of Morocco. The expansion of Portugal was brilliantly coordinated by John’s son, Prince Henry the Navigator. By the middle of the 16th century, the Portuguese empire extended to West and East Africa, Brazil, Persia, Indochina, and the Malayan peninsula.
| Henry and the navigators in the monument to the Portuguese discoveries - source |
The corrupt King Carlos, who ascended the throne in 1889, made João Franco the prime minister with dictatorial power in 1906.
In 1908, Carlos and his heir were shot in the streets of Lisbon. The new king, Manoel II, was driven from the throne in the revolution of 1910, and Portugal became a French-style republic.
Revolution in 1926 brought Antonio de Oliveira Salazar (minister of finance and prime minister). Salazar ruled Portugal as a virtual dictator. He kept Portugal neutral in World War II but gave the Allies naval and air bases after 1943.
In fact, the bloodiest and most protracted wars against colonialism in Africa were fought against the Portuguese. Also in the early 1960s, independence movements in the Portuguese overseas provinces of Angola, Mozambique, and Portuguese Guinea, in Africa, resulted in the Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974). In 1974, a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon led the way for a modern democracy as well as the independence of the last colonies in Africa shortly after.
Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and EFTA. In 1986, Portugal joined the European Union (then the European Economic Community). It is also a co-founder of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
POLITICS
Administrative divisions
Portugal has an administrative structure of 308 municipalities (the most stable subdivision of Portugal since the foundation of the country), which are subdivided into more than 4,000 parishes (secondary local administrative units). For continental Portugal the municipalities are gathered in 18 Districts, while the Islands have a Regional Government directly above them.
The European Union’s system of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics is also used. According to this system, Portugal is divided into 7 regions:
Alentejo - 776,585 inhabitants, the region’s capital is Évora
Algarbe - capital is the city of Faro
Açores – population of 238, 767. Three are considered as capital cities: Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta
Centro – 2,376,609 inhabitants. The capital city is Coimbra
Lisboa - 2,760,723 inhabitants. The capital city is Lisbon
Madeira - 244,286 inhabitants. The capital city is Funchal
Norte - 4,034,271 inhabitants. The capital is the city of Porto
These are subdivided into 30 sub regions.
Portugal is a democratic republic ruled by the constitution of 1976 with Lisbon. Four main governing components are the president of the republic, the assembly of the republic, the government, and the courts.
| The Assembly of the Republic - source |
The constitution grants the division or separation of powers among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Portugal like most European countries has no state religion.
The president, who is elected to a five-year term, has a supervising, non-executive role. The current President is Anìbal Cavaco Silvia (social democrat). The Assembly of the Republic is a unicameral (having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber) parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for four-year terms.
The government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently José Sócrates), who chooses the Council of Ministers, comprising all the ministers and the respective state secretaries.
The national and regional governments, and the Portuguese parliament, are dominated by two political parties, the Socialist Party [1]and the Social Democratic Party.
The courts are organized into categories, including judicial, administrative, and fiscal. The supreme courts are the courts of last appeal. A thirteen-member constitutional court oversees the constitutionality of legislation.
Last national elections 2005, next 2009
http://www.parties-and-elections.de/portugal.html
Last European Parliament election June 2009 See: • http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/archive/elections2009/en/portugal_en.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament_election,_2009_(Portugal)
CULTURE
The culture of Portugal is rooted in the Latin culture of Ancient Rome, with a Celtiberian background (a mixture of pre-roman Moorish and Iberian).
Religion
Portuguese society is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic. 84% of the population are nominally Roman Catholic, but only about 20% attend mass and take the sacraments regularly, particularly at the south.
Less than 2 percent of the population is Protestant, with Anglicans and Methodists. In the late 20th century, fundamentalist and Evangelical churches grew in popularity, though the number of their adherents remained quite small. The Jewish population of Portugal is also tiny, as Jews were forced to convert or emigrate during the Inquisition in the late 15th century.
| Monastery of the Hieronymites - source |
Film
Films started to be shown in Portugal since 1896, namely in the city of Portugal, one year after the first film was shown in Paris, with films such as "Saída do Pessoal Operário da Fábrica Confiança"
Fantasporto is also a very well known film festival that takes place in Porto every year. It started out as a sci-fi, horror film festival but has matured into a more generic festival, with a strong attachment to independent productions. In Lisbon the main festival is the IndieLisboa (Indepent Film Festival).
Music
Fado is a form of melancholic music. The music is linked to the Portuguese word saudade which means you miss someone, something, or have a strong and mixed feeling of nostalgy and love. Fado’s origins come from a mixture of African rhythms with the traditional music of Portuguese sailors with a little bit of Arabic music.
Portuguese pop has many famous bands and musicians: Sérgio Godinho, Xutos e Pontapés, GNR, António Variações, Rádio Macau, Santos e Pecadores, Abrunhosa, Ornatos Violeta, Supernada, Fingertips, Gomo or other musicians include the well-known pianist Maria João Pires and guitarist Carlos Paredes.
| Sérgio Godinho - source |
Food
Each region of Portugal has its traditional dishes, including various kinds of meat, sea-food, fresh fishes -1001 ways of making dishes, and the famous "Cozido à Portuguesa"- Codfish which is the national food.
The Wines of Portugal
From the North to the South, the country produces high-quality wines and, apart from the unique Port and Madeira, there are more than one hundred different varieties of wine
| Cozido à Portuguesa - source |
National Holidays
New Years Day - January 1
Carnival Tuesday - day before Ash Wednesday
Easter Good Friday (March or April)
Liberty Day- in April celebrate the 1974 revolution
Labor Day - May 1
Corpus Christi - the ninth Thursday after Easter
Portugal Day (Camoes/Community Day) - June 10
Assumption - August 15
Republic Day - Portuguese republic in 1910
All Saints’ Day - November 1
Independence Day-celebrates Spain independence
Immaculate Conception - December 8
Christmas Day - December 25
Sports
Football is the most known and loved sport in Portugal. Luís Figo is the world’s top player, legendary Eusébio, Cristiano Ronaldo. Also golf is very popular here. Portugal was recently named "Best Golf Destination 2006".
Religion
The most predominant religion in Portugal is Roman Catholicism.
COMMUNICATION
Portuguese speak quickly and loudly, and people may be afraid to approach them. You shouldn’t be afraid—they are very kind. The Portuguese really worry about their work. In fact, they have another way of working and they are not always running around (often for no good reason) like we do. They take life one day at a time—with good reason!
Portugal TV: www.tvlink.cz/portugalsko/
Business communication
Building Relationships & Communication - The Portuguese prefer to do business with somebody who they know and trust; they prefer face-to-face meetings to written or telephonic communication. If you have question during presentation wait until they finish.
Business Meeting Etiquette - Appointments should be made 1 to 2 weeks in advance and reconfirm the meeting a few days before. Since most Portuguese take vacation during August, it is not an ideal time to try to schedule meetings. It is also best not to plan meetings during the week between Christmas and New Year.
Negotiating - Portuguese prefer to do business for the long-term although at times they focus on short-term gains and business is conducted slowly. You must not appear impatient. Don’t use high-pressure sales tactics.
TRAVEL and TOURISM
Tourism is an important sector in the region’s economy since it contributes 20% to the region’s GDP, providing support throughout the year for commercial, transport and other activities and constituting a significant market for local products. The share in Gross Value Added of hotels and restaurants (9%) also highlights this phenomenon.
The island of Porto Santo, with its 9 km long beach and its climate, is totally devoted to tourism. Over the past decade it has recorded a substantial increase in its hotel accommodation capacity.
| Porto Santo - source |
Development in Madeira is considered to have potential since the necessary infrastructure has been established and adequate investment incentives have been introduced for expanding its hotel and catering structure in a controlled manner. Conservation of its nature is important as it is one of tourists’ main reasons for visiting Madeira.
Tourism is also important at the mainland Portugal’s southernmost region of the Algarve archipelago. Activities related to tourism are extensive and make up the bulk of the Algarve’s summer economy.
Here are some guiding web pages dedicated to tourists:
Except of island tourism, there are also possibilities to visit the cities on the land. When I was browsing for these opportunities I found out that very interesting is Porto or Braga on the north; in the Centre Portugal it is Aveiro or Fátima. The most popular and interesting is the Lisbon’s coast, divided in Cascais Estroil, Costa Azul, Ericeira and Sintra.
Here is a helpful web site to check out and pick where you actually want to go. It also helps you to find accommodation:
The best source for booking the hotel or hostel for a very good deal is a web site of
Visitors are mainly from the European Union, with German, British, Scandinavian and Portuguese tourists providing the main contingents. The average annual occupancy rate was 57.4% in 2001, reaching its maximum in March and April, when it exceeds 70%.
Porto e Norte
Centro de Portugal
Lisboa region
Alentejo
Algarve
Azores
Madeira
| Madeira - source |
What’s good to visit? Historical cities Lisbon, Braga, Evora, Porto, Tomar, Leiria, monasteries Mafra, Batalze, Alcobaça, lime reefs Nazaré (pilgrimage point) and Serra de Arrábida, sandy coast Algarve and ports Lagos and Portim.
www.lonelyplanet.com - virtual tour
www.lisboa.arounder.com - virtual tour
www.youtube.com – video - tourist in Portugal
www.visitportugal.com – Portugal video
www.molon.de - Portugal photos
www.portugal-info.net – photo Portugal with islands
www.nationalgeographic.com - high quality photos
LANGUAGE PHRASES
Good morning - Bom dia
Good afternoon - Boa tarde
Good night - Boa noite
Goodbye - Adeus
See you later - Até logo
How are you? - Como está?
I’m fine, thank you -Estou bem, obrigado/a
And you? - E voçé?
Thank you very much - Muito obrigado/a
You are welcome - De nada
Excuse me - Desculpe
It doesn’t matter - Não faz mal
How much does it cost? -Quanto custa?
I do not speak Portuguese - Não falo Português
Do You speak English? - Fala Inglês?
I understand - Compreendo
I don’t understand - Não compreendo
I would like to have..- Queria...
| We would like to have-Queríamos... |
SOURCES
www.portugal.jobs.com - jobs search
www.tiptopjob.com/ - jobs search
www.searchforvideo.com - some video’s on the country
www.allportugalaccommodation.com/ - accommodation
www.cheaperthanhotels.co.uk/Portugal/ - cheap accommodation
www.bookdirect2save.com.au – accommodation
www.hostelworld.com/ – Portuguese hostels
www.hostels.com – more Portuguese hostels
www.portugal-auto-rentals.com – rent a car
www.budgetportugal.com/ - rent a car
www.easycar.com - cheap rent a car
www.2camels.com – Portugal festival videos, links, articles
www.wikipedia.org – Portuguese celebrities
www.ptweb.com – education
www.ptweb.com – culture life
www.ptweb.com - about Portugal, wine, oil, habits
www.4icu.org - Portuguese universities
www.mit.edu – universities and colleges
www.kwintessential.co.uk - Customs and Etiquette a Business
www.weather.yahoo.com – Portuguese weather
www.kwintessential.co.uk - currency converter
wwwnews.google.co.uk - news
Others: www.infoplease.com
THE ALTERNATIVE PORTUGAL
Please add your own experience at: The Alternative Portugal
